Micro gas-turbine Engine(149)

 

III. Working Principle

Air and fuel intake

The air and fuel intake systems are critical components of a micro gas turbine engine that are responsible for providing the air and fuel needed for combustion.

The air intake system typically includes an air filter and an air inlet valve that bring in fresh air to the compressor for compression. The compressed air is then directed to the combustion chamber where it is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate the hot gases that power the turbine.

The fuel intake system typically includes a fuel pump, fuel filter, and fuel control valve that deliver fuel to the combustion chamber.

The fuel is typically a liquid, such as jet fuel or diesel, and is mixed with the compressed air in the combustion chamber. The fuel control valve regulates the flow of fuel to the combustion chamber to ensure the correct fuel-to-air ratio for efficient combustion.

It's important to note that the fuel intake system and the air intake system have to work in coordination to ensure the correct fuel-to-air ratio for efficient combustion.

In summary, The air and fuel intake systems are critical components of a micro gas turbine engine that are responsible for providing the air and fuel needed for combustion.

The air intake system typically includes an air filter and an air inlet valve that bring in fresh air to the compressor for compression. The fuel intake system typically includes a fuel pump, fuel filter, and fuel control valve that deliver fuel to the combustion chamber.

The fuel control valve regulates the flow of fuel to the combustion chamber to ensure the correct fuel-to-air ratio for efficient combustion. Both systems have to work in coordination to ensure the correct fuel-to-air ratio for efficient combustion.

 

Compression process

The compression process is one of the key stages of a micro gas turbine engine, where the incoming air is compressed before it is mixed with fuel and ignited in the combustion chamber.

The compressor is the component of the engine that performs the compression.

It typically consists of a series of blades that rotate at high speeds, and as the blades rotate, they compress the incoming air by decreasing its volume and increasing its pressure.

The compressed air is then directed to the combustion chamber where it is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate the hot gases that power the turbine.

The compression process is typically an adiabatic process, meaning that no heat is added or removed during the compression. However, due to the friction and turbulence caused by the blades, some of the kinetic energy of the incoming air is converted to heat, which raises the temperature of the compressed air.

The compression ratio is the ratio of the volume of the compressed air to the volume of the incoming air. A higher compression ratio means that the air has been compressed more, which results in higher pressure and temperature of the compressed air. The compression ratio is an important design parameter for a micro gas turbine engine, as it affects the engine's efficiency and output power.

In summary, The compression process is one of the key stages of a micro gas turbine engine, where the incoming air is compressed before it is mixed with fuel and ignited in the combustion chamber. The compressor is the component of the engine that performs the compression.

It typically consists of a series of blades that rotate at high speeds, and as the blades rotate, they compress the incoming air by decreasing its volume and increasing its pressure. The compression process is typically an adiabatic process and the compression ratio is the ratio of the volume of the compressed air to the volume of the incoming air. A higher compression ratio means that the air has been compressed more, which results in higher pressure and temperature of the compressed air.

The compression ratio is an important design parameter for a micro gas turbine engine, as it affects the engine's efficiency and output power.

Combustion process

The combustion process is the stage in a micro gas turbine engine where the compressed air and fuel are mixed and ignited, generating hot gases that power the turbine.

The combustion chamber is the component of the engine where the combustion process takes place.

It is a specially designed chamber where the compressed air and fuel are mixed and ignited.

The fuel is typically injected into the combustion chamber through a fuel nozzle, where it is mixed with the compressed air. The mixture is then ignited by an ignition source, such as a spark plug or a hot surface.

The combustion process is typically a steady-state process, meaning that the fuel and air are continuously supplied to the combustion chamber and the combustion products are continuously exhausted.

The combustion process generates hot gases that expand and drive the turbine, which in turn generates power to drive the compressor and the load (such as an electric generator).

The combustion efficiency is a measure of how efficiently the fuel is burned in the combustion chamber.

It is defined as the ratio of the energy released by the combustion process to the energy in the fuel. A higher combustion efficiency means that more of the fuel's energy is converted to useful work, which results in higher output power and lower emissions.

It's important to note that, the combustion process in a micro gas turbine engine must be carefully controlled to ensure safe and efficient operation. Factors such as the fuel-to-air ratio, combustion temperature, and emissions must be closely monitored and controlled to ensure safe and efficient operation.

In summary, The combustion process is the stage in a micro gas turbine engine where the compressed air and fuel are mixed and ignited, generating hot gases that power the turbine.

The combustion chamber is the component of the engine where the combustion process takes place. It is a specially designed chamber where the compressed air and fuel are mixed and ignited.

The combustion process generates hot gases that expand and drive the turbine, which in turn generates power to drive the compressor and the load. The combustion efficiency is a measure of how efficiently the fuel is burned in the combustion chamber. It is defined as the ratio of the energy released by the combustion process to the energy in the fuel. A higher combustion efficiency means that more of the fuel's energy is converted to useful work, which results in higher output power and lower emissions. The combustion process must be carefully controlled to ensure safe and efficient operation.

 

Power generation

 

Power generation is the final stage of a micro gas turbine engine, where the energy from the combustion process is converted into useful work.

The turbine is the component of the engine that converts the energy from the combustion process into mechanical power. It consists of a series of blades that rotate at high speeds, and as the hot gases from the combustion chamber expand and pass through the turbine, they cause the blades to rotate. The turbine is connected to the compressor and the generator via a shaft, and as the turbine rotates, it drives the compressor and the generator, which in turn generates power.

The generator is the component of the engine that converts the mechanical power from the turbine into electrical power. It typically consists of a rotor and a stator, and as the rotor rotates, it generates an alternating current (AC) that can be used to power an electric load. The generator can be connected to the grid or to an electrical load, such as a building or an electric vehicle.

The power output of a micro gas turbine engine is typically measured in terms of shaft power or electrical power. Shaft power is the power that is delivered to the compressor and the load, and it is typically measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). Electrical power is the power that is delivered to the electrical load, and it is typically measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). The power output of a micro gas turbine engine depends on various factors such as the compression ratio, combustion efficiency, turbine efficiency, and generator efficiency.

In summary, Power generation is the final stage of a micro gas turbine engine, where the energy from the combustion process is converted into useful work. The turbine is the component of the engine that converts the energy from the combustion process into mechanical power, and the generator is the component of the engine that converts the mechanical power into electrical power. The power output of a micro gas turbine engine is typically measured in terms of shaft power or electrical power. Shaft power is the power that is delivered to the compressor and the load, and it is typically measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). Electrical power is the power that is delivered to the electrical load, and it is typically measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). The power output of a micro gas turbine engine depends on various factors such as the compression ratio, combustion efficiency, turbine efficiency, and generator efficiency.

 

Exhaust emissions

 

Exhaust emissions refer to the gases and particulate matter that are released into the atmosphere as a result of the combustion process in a micro gas turbine engine. These emissions include carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM).

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that is released into the atmosphere as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels. It is a major contributor to climate change and is typically measured in terms of mass per unit of fuel consumed (g/kWh).

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are formed as a result of high temperatures and pressures during the combustion process. They are a major contributor to air pollution and can lead to the formation of smog and acid rain. They are typically measured in terms of mass per unit of fuel consumed (g/kWh).

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas that is formed as a result of incomplete combustion. It can cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea in humans and can be harmful to animals and plants. It is typically measured in terms of mass per unit of fuel consumed (g/kWh).

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a gas that is released into the atmosphere as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels that contain sulfur. It can lead to the formation of acid rain and is harmful to plants and animals. It is typically measured in terms of mass per unit of fuel consumed (g/kWh).

Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollution that is made up of small particles of solid or liquid matter. These particles can be inhaled by humans and animals and can lead to respiratory problems and other health issues. It is typically measured in terms of mass per unit of fuel consumed (g/kWh).

To minimize exhaust emissions, micro gas turbine engines typically use emissions control technologies such as catalysts, filters, and scrubbers. These technologies can reduce the amount of pollutants that are released into the atmosphere. Additionally, the use of low-emitting fuels such as natural gas, hydrogen, and biofuels can also help to reduce exhaust emissions.

In summary, Exhaust emissions refer to the gases and particulate matter that are released into the atmosphere as a result of the combustion process in a micro gas turbine engine. These emissions include carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM). To minimize exhaust emissions, micro gas turbine engines typically use emissions control technologies such as catalysts, filters, and scrubbers. Additionally, the use of low-emitting fuels such as natural gas, hydrogen, and biofuels can also help to reduce exhaust emissions.